ABOUT THE PROJECT
What is the Doberman Diversity Project?
The Doberman Diversity Project is a global, non-profit citizen science Doberman-only genetic health research project, powered by Doberman owners and breeders and Embark Veterinary, an official research partner lab of Cornell University. Dr. Boyko is a professor at Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine and a globally-respected canine geneticist. He and his team are supporting this project which includes a 1,000 dog Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) focused on the identification of new genetic associations with diseases impacting the Doberman and to better understand the relationship between genetic diversity and the health of the breed.
The Doberman Diversity Project is a global, non-profit citizen science Doberman-only genetic health research project, powered by Doberman owners and breeders and Embark Veterinary, an official research partner lab of Cornell University. Dr. Boyko is a professor at Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine and a globally-respected canine geneticist. He and his team are supporting this project which includes a 1,000 dog Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) focused on the identification of new genetic associations with diseases impacting the Doberman and to better understand the relationship between genetic diversity and the health of the breed.
What exactly is the Doberman Diversity Project about?
We are here to improve the Doberman breed. Read about Our Mission. We are working to:
We are here to improve the Doberman breed. Read about Our Mission. We are working to:
- Reduce the cost-barriers to state-of-the-art genetic testing so Doberman owners and breeders can not just test their dogs for much less money, but share their dog's DNA to support ongoing GWASs (genome wide association study) focused on identifying new genetic associations with deadly Doberman diseases.
- Provide a FREE virtual Matchmaker tool (online) that calculates the genetic COI of any potential mating before mating!
- Follow all participant dogs over their lifetimes, to collect health and longevity data that will support research efforts
- Discover which approaches to breeding produce the healthiest, longest-lived dogs and share that news with the world.
- Provide education and free counseling by professional (PhD-level) geneticists for Doberman owners, buyers and breeders.
Is this Doberman research project a for-profit endeavor?
No. The Doberman Diversity Project is a non-profit scientific corporation and all revenues are rolled back into the project to fuel further research. No board member, employee, volunteer or supporter receives either a salary or a discount on testing for their own dogs. This project is genuinely fueled by volunteers from across the world who support efforts to uncover and address genetic problems in the Doberman breed so the breed will be around for generations to come.
Embark Veterinary is supporting this project by providing comprehensive genetic test results and a free-breeder tool at a deeply reduced rate (near cost) in exchange for consent to use each participant's dogs' DNA for research purposes. Embark has hired PhD-level geneticists, engineers, and other professionals to support this project because the Embark team is, at heart, dog-lovers dedicated to improving the health and longevity of dogs through citizen-science.
No. The Doberman Diversity Project is a non-profit scientific corporation and all revenues are rolled back into the project to fuel further research. No board member, employee, volunteer or supporter receives either a salary or a discount on testing for their own dogs. This project is genuinely fueled by volunteers from across the world who support efforts to uncover and address genetic problems in the Doberman breed so the breed will be around for generations to come.
Embark Veterinary is supporting this project by providing comprehensive genetic test results and a free-breeder tool at a deeply reduced rate (near cost) in exchange for consent to use each participant's dogs' DNA for research purposes. Embark has hired PhD-level geneticists, engineers, and other professionals to support this project because the Embark team is, at heart, dog-lovers dedicated to improving the health and longevity of dogs through citizen-science.
Why did the Doberman Diversity Project choose to partner with a private DNA testing company?
All research requires funding, and our mission to improve Doberman health and longevity is no different. In many cases, this funding comes from the federal government. Many university scientists rely on highly-competitive federal grants, which are notoriously difficult to obtain and even more difficult to maintain year after year. Long-term scientific projects are rare not only because of their inherent difficulty but also because it is extremely hard to guarantee long-term federal funding.
To fill in this gap, private companies have become engines of change. Private companies have the ability to push forward research and development at a much higher speed than many publicly-funded efforts. Private innovation has allowed companies like Google and SpaceX to make self-driving cars and to send spacecrafts into outer space in just a few years. That's why we have partnered with Embark Veterinary Genetics. Their patented DNA test is revolutionary in terms of its detail and power, and it offers the best hope to make BIG positive changes to Doberman health in a short amount of time. Additionally, Embark is the official research partner lab of Cornell University, so we as the Doberman Diversity Project benefit from all the resources of a leading research-institution with the speed and agility of a private company! In return, Embark gets to lead the way in uncovering the genetic underpinnings of specific dog diseases and model improved breeding practices using the success of the Doberman Diversity Project as proof. This is why we've chosen to partner with Embark Veterinary Genetics -- the most advanced and promising DNA testing option for long-term study and improvement of genetic health and longevity in the Doberman.
All research requires funding, and our mission to improve Doberman health and longevity is no different. In many cases, this funding comes from the federal government. Many university scientists rely on highly-competitive federal grants, which are notoriously difficult to obtain and even more difficult to maintain year after year. Long-term scientific projects are rare not only because of their inherent difficulty but also because it is extremely hard to guarantee long-term federal funding.
To fill in this gap, private companies have become engines of change. Private companies have the ability to push forward research and development at a much higher speed than many publicly-funded efforts. Private innovation has allowed companies like Google and SpaceX to make self-driving cars and to send spacecrafts into outer space in just a few years. That's why we have partnered with Embark Veterinary Genetics. Their patented DNA test is revolutionary in terms of its detail and power, and it offers the best hope to make BIG positive changes to Doberman health in a short amount of time. Additionally, Embark is the official research partner lab of Cornell University, so we as the Doberman Diversity Project benefit from all the resources of a leading research-institution with the speed and agility of a private company! In return, Embark gets to lead the way in uncovering the genetic underpinnings of specific dog diseases and model improved breeding practices using the success of the Doberman Diversity Project as proof. This is why we've chosen to partner with Embark Veterinary Genetics -- the most advanced and promising DNA testing option for long-term study and improvement of genetic health and longevity in the Doberman.
THE GENETIC TEST
What is genetic testing?
All creatures are made of DNA. Your dog’s DNA is a unique sequence of genetic “instructions”, which gets coded into proteins, and those proteins make everything unique about your dog. And they're fixed on day one, so a dog can be tested at birth or in old age. Genetic tests simply look at parts of your dog’s DNA. They take a sample of your dog’s cells and ask: What is the actual genetic code of this dog? The more genetic parts that we can look at, the better our true picture of your dog’s DNA.
All creatures are made of DNA. Your dog’s DNA is a unique sequence of genetic “instructions”, which gets coded into proteins, and those proteins make everything unique about your dog. And they're fixed on day one, so a dog can be tested at birth or in old age. Genetic tests simply look at parts of your dog’s DNA. They take a sample of your dog’s cells and ask: What is the actual genetic code of this dog? The more genetic parts that we can look at, the better our true picture of your dog’s DNA.
How old must a dog be to test?
A dog's DNA is set before birth so technically, a new puppy could be tested. The DNA you'll gather on the test swab is cheek cells, not saliva so you can test anytime. Of course, you'll need to take precautions to gather just the puppy's DNA -- not the mother's DNA through her milk or skin OR another puppy's DNA left behind on a nipple. If you plan to test very young puppies, contact us and we'll walk you through it. Test results take from 6 to 8 weeks to process, but if you coordinate with us before the puppies are born, we can work together to get results from your litters possibly before they are placed.
A dog's DNA is set before birth so technically, a new puppy could be tested. The DNA you'll gather on the test swab is cheek cells, not saliva so you can test anytime. Of course, you'll need to take precautions to gather just the puppy's DNA -- not the mother's DNA through her milk or skin OR another puppy's DNA left behind on a nipple. If you plan to test very young puppies, contact us and we'll walk you through it. Test results take from 6 to 8 weeks to process, but if you coordinate with us before the puppies are born, we can work together to get results from your litters possibly before they are placed.
Does the DNA test kit require a visit to the vet to draw blood from my dog?
No. The test kit can be done in your home, without a visit to the vet. We use saliva to test your dog, not blood. When 30 minutes have passed since your dog last ate or drank, it's time to test him. In the test kit, there is a swab that you rub inside your dog's mouth to collect saliva. There are instructions in your kit, but essentially you make sure the swab is "slobbery" and then you insert it into the vial of fluid, close the vial, put it into the envelope (postage prepaid and already addressed) and drop it into the mail. That's it! TIP: It can be useful to allow your dog to watch you cut up something yummy on the counter. When you see the drool starting, it's time to test!
No. The test kit can be done in your home, without a visit to the vet. We use saliva to test your dog, not blood. When 30 minutes have passed since your dog last ate or drank, it's time to test him. In the test kit, there is a swab that you rub inside your dog's mouth to collect saliva. There are instructions in your kit, but essentially you make sure the swab is "slobbery" and then you insert it into the vial of fluid, close the vial, put it into the envelope (postage prepaid and already addressed) and drop it into the mail. That's it! TIP: It can be useful to allow your dog to watch you cut up something yummy on the counter. When you see the drool starting, it's time to test!
Will Embark Veterinary or the Doberman Diversity Project sell my dog's DNA or genetic data?
Absolutely not.
Absolutely not.
WHat makes the EMBARK DNA TEST the gold standard?
More Genetic Markers are Better for a Broad Approach to Improve the Genetic Health and Longevity of Dobermans.
Important Update.
November 2018: New Research Addressing the importance of Breeders choosing the right diversity test.
In genetics, it is not unusual to identify an association between a genetic marker and a genetic disease. But these associations are not always reliable. Remember how researchers couldn't validate the PDK4 genetic mutation in European Dobermans? This could be due to not using enough genetic markers or not using enough dogs from different countries and different bloodlines. Or the the PDK4 gene could rely on other genes or epigenetic factors to express itself. Uncertain genetic tests are risky for dog breeders to rely on because loss of genetic diversity in a breed is accelerated when valuable breeding dogs are removed from the breeding pool. When dogs are removed from the gene pool, their genetics are forever lost and the genetic diversity within the breed dwindles. That's not good for the breed. The best way to minimize our chances of coming up with unreliable or wrong associations is to test more genetic markers and test as many dogs as possible. Additionally, more genetic markers collected from more tested dogs increases the chances of identifying new associations with genetic disease. The Doberman is facing a crisis and we wanted to find answers as fast as possible. This is why more genetic markers is better. Embark's DNA test uses more than an unprecedented 230,000+ genetic markers.
Important Update.
November 2018: New Research Addressing the importance of Breeders choosing the right diversity test.
In genetics, it is not unusual to identify an association between a genetic marker and a genetic disease. But these associations are not always reliable. Remember how researchers couldn't validate the PDK4 genetic mutation in European Dobermans? This could be due to not using enough genetic markers or not using enough dogs from different countries and different bloodlines. Or the the PDK4 gene could rely on other genes or epigenetic factors to express itself. Uncertain genetic tests are risky for dog breeders to rely on because loss of genetic diversity in a breed is accelerated when valuable breeding dogs are removed from the breeding pool. When dogs are removed from the gene pool, their genetics are forever lost and the genetic diversity within the breed dwindles. That's not good for the breed. The best way to minimize our chances of coming up with unreliable or wrong associations is to test more genetic markers and test as many dogs as possible. Additionally, more genetic markers collected from more tested dogs increases the chances of identifying new associations with genetic disease. The Doberman is facing a crisis and we wanted to find answers as fast as possible. This is why more genetic markers is better. Embark's DNA test uses more than an unprecedented 230,000+ genetic markers.
How much of my dog's genome is used to calculate the Genetic COI?
Embark uses the entire genome to determine COI. Here’s how. Across the dog’s 38 autosomal (non-sex) chromosomes, Embark has a marker located at about every 12,000 base pairs. They look for long blocks of markers that are identical (which primarily comes about due to inbreeding and indicates ‘identity by descent’) and use those to calculate the coefficient of inbreeding (COI) for each dog. Other tests that look only at small parts of the genome, or estimate homozygosity based on ‘identity by state’ can miss large inbreeding tracks (sometimes entire chromosomes!). With more than 200,000 markers spaced throughout the genome, Embark’s test ensures that no large inbreeding tracks are hidden and permits them to calculate the most accurate COI estimate possible.
Embark uses the entire genome to determine COI. Here’s how. Across the dog’s 38 autosomal (non-sex) chromosomes, Embark has a marker located at about every 12,000 base pairs. They look for long blocks of markers that are identical (which primarily comes about due to inbreeding and indicates ‘identity by descent’) and use those to calculate the coefficient of inbreeding (COI) for each dog. Other tests that look only at small parts of the genome, or estimate homozygosity based on ‘identity by state’ can miss large inbreeding tracks (sometimes entire chromosomes!). With more than 200,000 markers spaced throughout the genome, Embark’s test ensures that no large inbreeding tracks are hidden and permits them to calculate the most accurate COI estimate possible.
Why is it important to use MORE genetic markers in a DNA test?
Your dog's genetics are like a photo. Imagine you are trying to pinpoint one part of the picture, like DCM genes or longevity-improving genes. Genetic markers are like pixels in a photo. If you have only 30 genetic markers, it's like looking at a blurry or pixelated picture. The fewer markers you have, the less accurate the image is. In the two pictures below, the lower number of pixels makes it difficult to know what the photo is. Yet, when the photo is enhanced with thousands more pixels, the image is clear. With too little information, it's easy to get things wrong.
Your dog's genetics are like a photo. Imagine you are trying to pinpoint one part of the picture, like DCM genes or longevity-improving genes. Genetic markers are like pixels in a photo. If you have only 30 genetic markers, it's like looking at a blurry or pixelated picture. The fewer markers you have, the less accurate the image is. In the two pictures below, the lower number of pixels makes it difficult to know what the photo is. Yet, when the photo is enhanced with thousands more pixels, the image is clear. With too little information, it's easy to get things wrong.
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This is why the strongest genetic studies look at the most genetic markers possible in as many dogs as possible. Remember, it's easy to make false associations between any random gene and a disease. That's why more genetic markers matter -- because we need to absolutely sure of what we are looking at and what it means. The more genetic markers we use, the better our picture is. With such high resolution genetic data we can finally answer questions like What is my dog's actual Genetic COI? Where are his genes homozygous? Which of his alleles are truly rare and where are they?
a new genetic coefficient of inbreeding. What's that?
I use the free COI calculators on the pedigree websites to figure out my dog's COI. Should care about a Genetic COI?
Unfortunately, a COI calculated from the pedigree is only an estimate based on mathematical probability. A pedigree-based COI only asks: What are the chances that two same alleles were inherited from a common ancestor on both the dam and the sire’s side? In other words, it takes a guess on the chance that your dog is genetically homozygous due to an ancestor shared by your dog’s mom and dad. It is not an actual measure of your dog’s inbreeding -- it is only an estimate based on chance and assumptions. Math and pedigree geeks knew that the calculations were likely to underestimate the COI of our dogs for several reasons.
A pedigree COI makes many assumptions, such as assuming that all alleles are passed to the next generation with equal probabilities (50/50). Unfortunately, this isn't always how inheritance works. Another problem is that pedigrees are imperfect; Ancestors are often missing or inaccurately reported in pedigrees. Also a problem is that the calculation wrongly assumes a 'clean slate' among the oldest generation of dogs included in the calculation. If the calculator uses 8 generations to calculate your dog's COI, it assumes that those "founder" dogs are unrelated and that is NOT true. Lastly, the calculation is most reliable when it incorporates all of your dog's ancestors -- back to the beginning of the breed. At a minimum, 20 generations would be provide a more accurate result. Yet, most pedigree COI calculators typically use less than 8 generations. As a result, your dog’s pedigree COI is probably seriously underestimating your dog's actual genetic COI.
Here's a real-life example. Take the example of one Doberman tested with Embark: His pedigree COI was a relatively low 7.19% based on eight generations.
Unfortunately, a COI calculated from the pedigree is only an estimate based on mathematical probability. A pedigree-based COI only asks: What are the chances that two same alleles were inherited from a common ancestor on both the dam and the sire’s side? In other words, it takes a guess on the chance that your dog is genetically homozygous due to an ancestor shared by your dog’s mom and dad. It is not an actual measure of your dog’s inbreeding -- it is only an estimate based on chance and assumptions. Math and pedigree geeks knew that the calculations were likely to underestimate the COI of our dogs for several reasons.
A pedigree COI makes many assumptions, such as assuming that all alleles are passed to the next generation with equal probabilities (50/50). Unfortunately, this isn't always how inheritance works. Another problem is that pedigrees are imperfect; Ancestors are often missing or inaccurately reported in pedigrees. Also a problem is that the calculation wrongly assumes a 'clean slate' among the oldest generation of dogs included in the calculation. If the calculator uses 8 generations to calculate your dog's COI, it assumes that those "founder" dogs are unrelated and that is NOT true. Lastly, the calculation is most reliable when it incorporates all of your dog's ancestors -- back to the beginning of the breed. At a minimum, 20 generations would be provide a more accurate result. Yet, most pedigree COI calculators typically use less than 8 generations. As a result, your dog’s pedigree COI is probably seriously underestimating your dog's actual genetic COI.
Here's a real-life example. Take the example of one Doberman tested with Embark: His pedigree COI was a relatively low 7.19% based on eight generations.
But when this same dog was tested through Embark, it was astonishing to find that he actually had a genetic COI of 34%.
The bottom line is that an Embark genetic COI calculated from your dog's DNA is the Gold Standard of COI testing and gives you insight and accuracy not possible to get from a pedigree calculator
How much of my dog's genome is used to calculate the Genetic COI?
Embark uses the entire genome to determine COI. Here’s how. Across the dog’s 38 autosomal (non-sex) chromosomes, Embark has a marker located at about every 12,000 base pairs. They look for long blocks of markers that are identical (which primarily comes about due to inbreeding and indicates ‘identity by descent’) and use those to calculate the coefficient of inbreeding (COI) for each dog. Other tests that look only at small parts of the genome, or estimate homozygosity based on ‘identity by state’ can miss large inbreeding tracks (sometimes entire chromosomes!). With more than 200,000 markers spaced throughout the genome, Embark’s test ensures that no large inbreeding tracks are hidden and permits them to calculate the most accurate COI estimate possible.
Embark uses the entire genome to determine COI. Here’s how. Across the dog’s 38 autosomal (non-sex) chromosomes, Embark has a marker located at about every 12,000 base pairs. They look for long blocks of markers that are identical (which primarily comes about due to inbreeding and indicates ‘identity by descent’) and use those to calculate the coefficient of inbreeding (COI) for each dog. Other tests that look only at small parts of the genome, or estimate homozygosity based on ‘identity by state’ can miss large inbreeding tracks (sometimes entire chromosomes!). With more than 200,000 markers spaced throughout the genome, Embark’s test ensures that no large inbreeding tracks are hidden and permits them to calculate the most accurate COI estimate possible.
genetic diversity
Why all the fuss about genetic diversity?
NEWS November 2018: Important considerations in choosing a genetic diversity test.
Inbreeding, including linebreeding, is a very complicated topic in dog breeding. But science has revealed some very negative effects caused by inbreeding:
NEWS November 2018: Important considerations in choosing a genetic diversity test.
Inbreeding, including linebreeding, is a very complicated topic in dog breeding. But science has revealed some very negative effects caused by inbreeding:
- Increased inbreeding reduces litter sizes. Litters with a pedigree-COI of 25% produce an average of 0.65 less puppies.
- Inbreeding depression (decreased fecundity and overall fitness) disproportionately affects large dogs.
- Dogs with higher levels of inbreeding (pedigree-COI >12.5%) lose more than 1 year of life compared to dogs with lower levels of inbreeding.
- Dogs with higher pedigree-COIs have less heterozygosity (of course). The problem is that less heterozygosity results in more risk of disease
- One study found an inverse correlation between COI and longevity -- for each 1% a dog's COI rose, there was a correlating loss of one month of longevity. Compared to a dog with 1% COI, a dog with a 49% COI would be statistically likely to live a full four years (48 months) less.
what's included in the test?
One Cheek Swab. Many DNA Tests.
Easy to access online results.
vWD1 (von Willebrand Disease -- a bleeding disease)
PDK4/DCM1 -- associated with DCM (Dilated Cardiomyopathy)
DM -- associated with Degenerative Myelopathy (spinal disease)
GPT -- causes inaccurate ALT (a liver enzyme that indicates liver damage) test results
MDR1 -- genetic sensitivity to certain drugs (cancer, worming, etc.)
D Locus (color genetics) -- the dilution gene that creates blue and/or fawn puppies
B Locus -- genes for black (dominant) and brown (recessive) coat color
Genetic COI -- Degree of Inbreeding (associated with reduced lifespan)
DLA Diversity -- Might your dog have a rare maternal haplotype?
DINGS -- congenital deafness combined with vestibular dysfunction in Dobermans
New added benefits (free) include:
Free Access to Reduced-Rate Holter Monitoring
Free Access to an advanced Virtual Matchmaking Tool (no paid membership required)
Free PhD Veterinary Geneticist Consultations
Free shipping (including prepaid return postage) within the USA.
Easy to access online results.
vWD1 (von Willebrand Disease -- a bleeding disease)
PDK4/DCM1 -- associated with DCM (Dilated Cardiomyopathy)
DM -- associated with Degenerative Myelopathy (spinal disease)
GPT -- causes inaccurate ALT (a liver enzyme that indicates liver damage) test results
MDR1 -- genetic sensitivity to certain drugs (cancer, worming, etc.)
D Locus (color genetics) -- the dilution gene that creates blue and/or fawn puppies
B Locus -- genes for black (dominant) and brown (recessive) coat color
Genetic COI -- Degree of Inbreeding (associated with reduced lifespan)
DLA Diversity -- Might your dog have a rare maternal haplotype?
DINGS -- congenital deafness combined with vestibular dysfunction in Dobermans
New added benefits (free) include:
Free Access to Reduced-Rate Holter Monitoring
Free Access to an advanced Virtual Matchmaking Tool (no paid membership required)
Free PhD Veterinary Geneticist Consultations
Free shipping (including prepaid return postage) within the USA.
how much of my dog's genetic material is used in this test?
Embark uses the entire genome to determine COI. Here’s how. Across the dog’s 38 autosomal (non-sex) chromosomes, Embark has a marker located at about every 12,000 base pairs. They look for long blocks of markers that are identical (which primarily comes about due to inbreeding and indicates ‘identity by descent’) and use those to calculate the coefficient of inbreeding (COI) for each dog. Other tests that look only at small parts of the genome, or estimate homozygosity based on ‘identity by state’ can miss large inbreeding tracks (sometimes entire chromosomes!). With more than 200,000 markers spaced throughout the genome, Embark’s test ensures that no large inbreeding tracks are hidden and permits them to calculate the most accurate COI estimate possible.
NEWS: Important Considerations in Choosing a Genetic Diversity Test.
NEWS: Important Considerations in Choosing a Genetic Diversity Test.
predicting disease through genetics
Will the Embark DNA test tell me if my dog has a disease?
No. Only a licensed veterinarian can diagnose your dog with a disease. The genetic test simply tells you whether or not your dog carries any mutations associated with a genetic disease. Here's an example for von Willebrand Disease (a disease of the blood where clotting is abnormal). Your dog may have two normal functioning copies
of that gene (AA). He may have one normal copy and one mutated copy (AG). Or he may have two mutated copies (GG). But note that carrying the genes for the disease, while associated with the problem, does not automatically mean your dog will have a problem. Some dogs carry mutations and yet never get sick. That's why it's important to share your dog's genetic test results with your veterinarian. Only your vet can diagnose a disease. Knowing your dog’s genetic status for common Doberman genetic diseases helps you make smart decisions about which mate combinations present the lowest risk for that disease and help you know what diseases to talk about with your veterinarian. But genetic test results do not diagnose disease. That’s your veterinarian’s job.
No. Only a licensed veterinarian can diagnose your dog with a disease. The genetic test simply tells you whether or not your dog carries any mutations associated with a genetic disease. Here's an example for von Willebrand Disease (a disease of the blood where clotting is abnormal). Your dog may have two normal functioning copies
of that gene (AA). He may have one normal copy and one mutated copy (AG). Or he may have two mutated copies (GG). But note that carrying the genes for the disease, while associated with the problem, does not automatically mean your dog will have a problem. Some dogs carry mutations and yet never get sick. That's why it's important to share your dog's genetic test results with your veterinarian. Only your vet can diagnose a disease. Knowing your dog’s genetic status for common Doberman genetic diseases helps you make smart decisions about which mate combinations present the lowest risk for that disease and help you know what diseases to talk about with your veterinarian. But genetic test results do not diagnose disease. That’s your veterinarian’s job.
STRs and snps
Source: Fluidigm - Marker Assisted Breeding: STR or SNP?
Why does Embark use the new SNP DNA test panel instead of the older 33 STR technology?
NOVEMBER 2018: BREAKING SCIENCE/RESEARCH NEWS: Critical Considerations for Breeders choosing a Genetic Diversity test.
The 33 STR test was widely used for it's efficiency and affordability and it did a good job. But science is rapidly advancing.
There are MANY new papers on the subject of which methods/technologies are best suited to analyze diversity in canines, but here's a recent excerpt addressing a paper written about Samoyed breed-wide genetic diversity based on the 33 STR technology. It summarizes nicely the reasons that the Cornell/Embark team has chosen the newer SNP test platform. If you have more questions, contact us and we'll connect you with a credentialed Ph.D. in Genetics to chat with.
NOVEMBER 2018: BREAKING SCIENCE/RESEARCH NEWS: Critical Considerations for Breeders choosing a Genetic Diversity test.
The 33 STR test was widely used for it's efficiency and affordability and it did a good job. But science is rapidly advancing.
There are MANY new papers on the subject of which methods/technologies are best suited to analyze diversity in canines, but here's a recent excerpt addressing a paper written about Samoyed breed-wide genetic diversity based on the 33 STR technology. It summarizes nicely the reasons that the Cornell/Embark team has chosen the newer SNP test platform. If you have more questions, contact us and we'll connect you with a credentialed Ph.D. in Genetics to chat with.
Our chief concerns relate to the methodology, namely that: 1) using a small number (33) of microsatellite markers that cover only 66% (25/38) of autosomes is suboptimal for determining genetic variation occurring across the genome; and more seriously 2) the sample of dogs from which “breed-wide genetic diversity” was estimated contained a substantial but undisclosed number of close relatives (and so was not a random sample nor representative of the wider breed), meaning that findings pertaining to genetic variation cannot safely be extrapolated without qualification.
The study used microsatellite markers to estimate the genetic diversity of the Samoyed breed. While microsatellites have previously been used to this end, they have largely been superseded by dense SNP chips, where the quantity of bi-allelic marker data provides more precise information on the extent of genetic variation via homozygosity. The study used 33 short tandem repeats (STRs) on 25 autosomes, which is an average of 1.32 STRs per autosome included. However, since Canis familiaris has 38 autosomes, there was no means in this study to determine genetic variation across 1/3 of the genome. It is highly likely that there is genetic variation present within the Samoyed breed on these 13 autosomes, but this study is simply unable to detect its extent. Furthermore, genetic variation at genomic regions on the 25 included autosomes not in linkage disequilibrium with the STRs also cannot be detected. Thus, while this number of STRs may be sufficient for their stated purpose (parentage verification and forensic testing) and an acceptable ‘broad brush’ means of estimating diversity in a population where there is no alternative (such as wild populations), they are unable adequately to describe the extent of genetic variation across the canine genome, including regions of depleted variation due to selection. Also, it is not immediately evident how the cited website (endnote 14) justifies the claim that “this population [of 182 animals] would identify over 95% of existing genetic diversity and heterogeneity in Samoyed based on experience with other breeds”.
There is also an important issue regarding sampling of the 182 animals in relation to the inference of genetic variation at the 33 STRs in the wider, global breed. Little detail is given regarding the sampling and the likely bias therein. The authors state that “Samples were solicited through web communications and owners/breeders wishing to submit DNA for testing” and report that the sample comprised 144 dogs from North America, 32 from Europe and 6 from Australia (79.1%, 17.6% and 3.3%, respectively). The preponderance of North American dogs in the sample could imply the sample largely consisted of a (partially inter-related) subsection of the wider breed. Furthermore, given the method of sampling it is conceivable, or likely even, that repeat customers may have resulted in several individual breeders submitting samples from multiple, closely related dogs in their kennels or lines. Indeed, the authors state in the results section that “twenty of 168 (12%) healthy dogs were found to be heterologous [sic] for the mutation and most were parents or known close relatives of affected dogs”, thereby revealing that a significant section of the sample did indeed consist of close relatives, which would have an impact on detected genetic variation. However, other than reporting in the abstract that “This population was biased towards close relatives” as a caveat when estimating the population-wide incidence of enamel hypoplasia, the authors provide no further information, such as the degree of relationship among dogs within the unaffected or affected cohorts, which were nevertheless used to determine breed-wide genetic diversity. The authors report that they sought pedigree data and information on relationship to affected dogs, yet provide no evidence of the degree of relationship, as determined by pedigree, of this sample. This is critical to interpretation of the results; the interpretation would be very different if all 182 dogs were part of a large extended family compared to if they were unrelated [as determined from pedigree records] at 5 generations. The authors may point to their internal relatedness (IR) results, with one quarter of Samoyed IR scores between 0.132 and 0.502 putatively indicating a significant degree of parental relatedness, but there is no way of knowing the extent to which this level of relatedness is due to the sampling, as distinct from a reflection of the whole breed. In the conclusion, the authors state that “Samoyed have a lower level of genetic diversity than estimated from prior pedigree or SNP-based studies”, but this finding is to be expected given the inability to detect genome-wide variation in the methods employed and a sample that, by the authors’ own admission, contains a number of closely-related dogs.
The authors advise in the paper that “the mutation [for SCL24A4] could be safely eliminated without affecting existing genetic diversity”. Leaving aside the question of whether this paper provides a realistic estimate of genetic diversity, we would caution against the wholesale exclusion of carriers for breeding for two reasons. Firstly, with the availability of a DNA test for the mutation, breeders have the means to ensure that no affected puppy will ever be produced. So long as the mutation is not under indirect positive selection, the mutation frequency in this scenario is expected to remain static (apart from the chance of new versions of the same variant arising by mutation, which is exceedingly low). Therefore, it is a sensible course of action to make use of the available DNA tests to retain heterozygotes (carriers) in the breeding pool, at least for the first few generations after the DNA test becomes available, thereby decreasing the possibility of an artificially created genetic bottleneck which may lead to a rapid loss of genetic diversity. Selection against the mutation, by using carriers in a decreasing proportion of matings over the course of a number of generations, may still be applied and would result in a gradual reduction in the mutation frequency. Secondly, there are a number of independent selection objectives (even considering only those pertinent to health) in the Samoyed and most other breeds. There are several DNA tests commercially available to Samoyed breeders, including for degenerative myelopathy, hereditary nephritis, X-linked progressive retinal atrophy and oculo-skeletal dysplasia, as well as recommendations to participate in hip dysplasia screening. Because these objectives are most likely independent in genetic aetiology, identifying suitable breeding animals by excluding all those known to be carriers of any of the identified mutations influencing these disorders and that fall below a particular threshold for hip dysplasia would result in a cumulative effect, leaving a considerably smaller pool of breeding candidates and thus potentially creating a genetic bottleneck. Indeed, with identification of an ever-increasing number of mutations that are either the direct cause of, or are influential on the development of, disease, breeders are being faced with an increasing number of objective traits relating to diseases. Therefore, the focus of future breeding strategies will have to be on compensatory pairings of candidates, since very few individuals will have a clean bill of health for all objectives.
will embark veterinary or the ddp sell my dog's dna or genetic data?
To date, Embark has not sold any information to any third parties. Their terms and conditions prohibit them from selling identifying information, so DDP/Embark participants don't need to worry about spam emails from third parties. But because this is a research project that supports other research projects, Embark may share anonymized genetic data from time to time with research partners (as outlined in their "terms and conditions"). Any future sharing of anonymized genetic data will be only where other canine genomic research is driven by the goal to improve canine health and wellness.
Don't like that? You are in complete control. You can always opt out of any sharing of your dog's data, and in that case, your dog's data won't be shared with anyone or any research project.
Don't like that? You are in complete control. You can always opt out of any sharing of your dog's data, and in that case, your dog's data won't be shared with anyone or any research project.
how do i order a test kit? How much does it cost?
How much does the test kit cost?
If you agree to share your dog's DNA with us for research purposes, your cost will be only $145, which includes some PayPal processing fees and individual state taxes. It does not account for international shipping.
If you agree to share your dog's DNA with us for research purposes, your cost will be only $145, which includes some PayPal processing fees and individual state taxes. It does not account for international shipping.
How do I order a test kit for my dog?
Simple. Just click on the TEST YOUR DOG box below.
Simple. Just click on the TEST YOUR DOG box below.
Is there a discount for testing several dogs?
The discounted $145 price is the breeder/group discount and reflects the DDP's ACTUAL cost of the test.
The discounted $145 price is the breeder/group discount and reflects the DDP's ACTUAL cost of the test.
Can I test my dog free?
Because the $145 cost is deeply discounted and our actual cost, free testing is not possible at this time with one exception.
The exception? Validation Testing. Where we are working to validate a genetic disease test in the Doberman, we test those dogs free. To see what free testing opportunities are open now, visit our page Open Research.
Because the $145 cost is deeply discounted and our actual cost, free testing is not possible at this time with one exception.
The exception? Validation Testing. Where we are working to validate a genetic disease test in the Doberman, we test those dogs free. To see what free testing opportunities are open now, visit our page Open Research.
why is this research project working with a private genetics company instead of a university?
Most projects are either private or university based. We're a hybrid. Read about that below. But, note that we're unique in that we are collecting and saving the powerful raw genetic data of each tested dog and sharing that data freely with other research institutions around the world. That means that, unlike most projects, your data doesn't get tossed out or hoarded for private gain. That means that YOU can share your own dog's raw data directly with any research project OR let us know about a research project and we'll contact them directly to share with them the valuable genetic Doberman data we've collected. Free.
Why did the Doberman Diversity Project choose to partner with a private DNA testing company?
All research requires funding, and our mission to improve Doberman health and longevity is no different. In many cases, this funding comes from the federal government. Many university scientists rely on highly-competitive federal grants, which are notoriously difficult to obtain and even more difficult to maintain year after year. Long-term scientific projects are rare not only because of their inherent difficulty but also because it is extremely hard to guarantee long-term federal funding. Grants are also typically for a very focused research objective and, changing courses, is bureaucratically difficult.
To defeat these challenges that can impede rapid innovation and discovery, private companies have emerged as engines of change. Private companies have the ability to push forward research and development at a much higher speed than most publicly-funded efforts. Private innovation has allowed companies like Google and SpaceX to rapidly develop self-driving cars and to send spacecrafts into outer space in just a few years. That's why we have partnered with Embark Veterinary Genetics. Their patented, high-definition DNA test is revolutionary in terms of its resolution, power and potential for research, and it offers the best hope to make significant, positive changes to Doberman health in a short amount of time. Additionally, Embark is an official research partner lab of Cornell University, so the Doberman Diversity Project benefits from all the resources of a leading research-institution with the speed and agility of a private genetics research company! In return, Embark gets to lead the way in uncovering the genetic underpinnings of specific dog diseases and model improved breeding practices using the success of the Doberman Diversity Project as proof. This is why we've chosen to partner with Embark Veterinary Genetics -- the most advanced and promising DNA testing option for long-term study and improvement of genetic health and longevity in the Doberman.
All research requires funding, and our mission to improve Doberman health and longevity is no different. In many cases, this funding comes from the federal government. Many university scientists rely on highly-competitive federal grants, which are notoriously difficult to obtain and even more difficult to maintain year after year. Long-term scientific projects are rare not only because of their inherent difficulty but also because it is extremely hard to guarantee long-term federal funding. Grants are also typically for a very focused research objective and, changing courses, is bureaucratically difficult.
To defeat these challenges that can impede rapid innovation and discovery, private companies have emerged as engines of change. Private companies have the ability to push forward research and development at a much higher speed than most publicly-funded efforts. Private innovation has allowed companies like Google and SpaceX to rapidly develop self-driving cars and to send spacecrafts into outer space in just a few years. That's why we have partnered with Embark Veterinary Genetics. Their patented, high-definition DNA test is revolutionary in terms of its resolution, power and potential for research, and it offers the best hope to make significant, positive changes to Doberman health in a short amount of time. Additionally, Embark is an official research partner lab of Cornell University, so the Doberman Diversity Project benefits from all the resources of a leading research-institution with the speed and agility of a private genetics research company! In return, Embark gets to lead the way in uncovering the genetic underpinnings of specific dog diseases and model improved breeding practices using the success of the Doberman Diversity Project as proof. This is why we've chosen to partner with Embark Veterinary Genetics -- the most advanced and promising DNA testing option for long-term study and improvement of genetic health and longevity in the Doberman.
ofa acceptance of test results
Does the OFA accept DNA results from Embark, our partner laboratory?
The OFA accepts Embark's DNA test results. Your dog's EmbarkVet online account includes a printable report to send to OFA.
The OFA accepts Embark's DNA test results. Your dog's EmbarkVet online account includes a printable report to send to OFA.
at what age can puppies be tested?
The test works by extracting your dog's DNA from cheek cells. And since DNA is fixed at birth, you can test a puppy very early. Most of our breeders test their puppies at just 10 days of age. Be sure to order your DNA kits ahead of time to avoid delay.
how is this test different than the uc davis test?
RESEARCH NEWS RELEASE: Breeder's Choice of Diversity Test for their Breeding Program can Help or Hurt.
In a nutshell, the UC Davis study looked at the DNA of 200+ dogs and concluded that there is a lack of genetic diversity in the Doberman. The Doberman Diversity Project is working to build on that work.
In a nutshell, the UC Davis study looked at the DNA of 200+ dogs and concluded that there is a lack of genetic diversity in the Doberman. The Doberman Diversity Project is working to build on that work.
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UC DAVIS GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDY
OBJECTIVE: Determine IF genetic diversity is a problem for the Doberman as a breed. CONCLUSION: The Doberman breed lacks genetic diversity which likely underlies the increase in genetic disease. The UC Davis test is a diversity ONLY test/study. The 33 STRs are non-specific. They do not represent traits or disease-associated markers/mutations. The 33 STR test does not test/study genetic disease. Source: www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/dog/GeneticDiversityInDoberman.php |
DOBERMAN DIVERSITY PROJECT (DDP)
OBJECTIVE: Test thousands of Dobermans from across the world and through advanced genetic research, ADDRESS both the lack of genetic diversity AND the rising incidence of genetic disease in the Doberman. CONCLUSION: Research is underway. The DDP test/research project includes genetic diversity AND genetic disease-associated mutations, and seeks to better understand the diversity problem found by UC Davis and find answers to how to best navigate Doberman genomics today. |
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CONCLUSIONS
"Contemporary Doberman not only lack genetic diversity, but there appears to be a significant degree of inbreeding that is still occurring based on DNA analysis. It is hoped that DNA based genetic assessment will be taken more seriously and less emphasis placed on COI’s calculated from 3-5 generation pedigrees." " ... 218 individuals from many parts of the world is a large sampling for a population that lacks genetic diversity. Therefore, it is unlikely that more diversity will be found with further testing, and if it is, it will only be for minor alleles or haplotypes. The lack of genetic diversity helps explain why the breed has developed so many heritable genetic disorders. If genetic diversity is lacking, simple deleterious genetic recessive mutations are much more likely to be linked to desired traits and rapidly spread across the breed by inadvertent positive selection." "This study of 218 Doberman establishes a desperate need for breeders to search the world for pockets of genetic diversity that do not exist in the present population ... ." "In the case of diseases such as DCM, the genetic traits responsible for the disease may already be fixed ... . A lack of genetic diversity greatly limits the ability to find reasonably unrelated mates, but when this lack is combined with the need to select against a large number of heritable traits, the ability to identify genetically suitable mates becomes even more difficult. If the population size is small, it becomes even more difficult to find suitable dogs for breeding that are not too inbred, free of potential genetic defects, or that are close enough to be readily accessible." |
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Provide breeders with a FREE virtual breeding tool that incorporates advanced genetic diversity considerations and replaces pedigree COIs with a much more accurate Genetic COI, together with consideration of genetic mutations associated with common Doberman diseases. Test for a third DLA diversity measure, test thousands of dogs from across the world, and incorporate deleterious genetic mutations (recessive and dominant) into free virtual breeding tool to ensure genetic disease considerations are maintained by breeders who are breeding to maintain genetic diversity. Conduct multiple Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) testing dogs from many countries from across the globe to try to identify pockets of diversity with a lower incidence of genetic disease. As of April 2019, we have tested over 2,200 Dobermans from 42 countries. Test a wide variety of Dobermans to determine if DCM is fixed in our breed or not, and to research opportunities to minimize the incidence of DCM in the breed. Create opportunities for breeders to select against deleterious heritable traits and minimize genetic COI in the free virtual breeding tool. |
does the ddp advocate scatterbreeding, outcrossing or breeding for diversity?
Genetic diversity is an important - but not the only - factor to take into consideration when choosing breeding animals. While evidence shows that genetic diversity improves the ability to adapt to new diseases, there has not yet been a long-term study on the consequences of breeding for genetic diversity within the Doberman breed. As such, the DDP is not yet suggesting that breeders make genetic diversity their primary goal. We recommend that breeders make their own breeding decisions, taking into consideration the attributes they have always regarded as important -- conformation, temperament, ancestral health and longevity AND add to their breeding program the information included in the Embark Matchmaker breeding tool -- especially Genetic COI.
The genius of Embark's Matchmaker tool is that it allows the breeder to assess - before dogs are mated - the possibilities for each possible breeding combination, the litter's genetic COIs, shared disease-associated genetic mutations, how these selections may impact the breed, and so much more. Genetic diversity is simply a piece of a complicated puzzle, and our collaboration with Embark and their Matchmaker breeder tool is helping you make sense of it. We want each breeder to make the decision they regard as the wisest, in light of all of this new information, and weigh for themselves the priority they choose to assign to each of these elements of their breeding program.
Then, we want to DNA test the puppies and later generations, and follow all participant dogs over their lifetimes. We'll collect health information via owner surveys and research the genetic differences between healthier, longer-lived dogs and dogs that are affected by genetic disease earlier and sadly, die younger. A wide variety of breeder approaches will actually support research and will avoid possible unintended consequences of breeding advice that does not yet have a foundation of hard evidence.
While genetic diversity has been widely demonstrated to be associated with improved genetic health, it has not yet been demonstrated to improve genetic health and longevity in the Doberman -- a breed that has sustained genetic bottlenecks and heavy inbreeding and which suffers from significant problems with deadly genetic diseases. Will breeding for lower COIs with each litter improve health and longevity? Will highly inbred but remarkably long-lived lines of Dobermans lose longevity if outcrossed to other lines? Time ... and research will answer these questions. Until then, our testing partner Embark Veterinary, a Cornell University research partner, is working hard to find answers and once we have good evidence to support what we learn, we'll share it with you and the Doberman world -- and incorporate that advice into the free virtual breeding tool.
The genius of Embark's Matchmaker tool is that it allows the breeder to assess - before dogs are mated - the possibilities for each possible breeding combination, the litter's genetic COIs, shared disease-associated genetic mutations, how these selections may impact the breed, and so much more. Genetic diversity is simply a piece of a complicated puzzle, and our collaboration with Embark and their Matchmaker breeder tool is helping you make sense of it. We want each breeder to make the decision they regard as the wisest, in light of all of this new information, and weigh for themselves the priority they choose to assign to each of these elements of their breeding program.
Then, we want to DNA test the puppies and later generations, and follow all participant dogs over their lifetimes. We'll collect health information via owner surveys and research the genetic differences between healthier, longer-lived dogs and dogs that are affected by genetic disease earlier and sadly, die younger. A wide variety of breeder approaches will actually support research and will avoid possible unintended consequences of breeding advice that does not yet have a foundation of hard evidence.
While genetic diversity has been widely demonstrated to be associated with improved genetic health, it has not yet been demonstrated to improve genetic health and longevity in the Doberman -- a breed that has sustained genetic bottlenecks and heavy inbreeding and which suffers from significant problems with deadly genetic diseases. Will breeding for lower COIs with each litter improve health and longevity? Will highly inbred but remarkably long-lived lines of Dobermans lose longevity if outcrossed to other lines? Time ... and research will answer these questions. Until then, our testing partner Embark Veterinary, a Cornell University research partner, is working hard to find answers and once we have good evidence to support what we learn, we'll share it with you and the Doberman world -- and incorporate that advice into the free virtual breeding tool.
must my dog be a purebred or a registered doberman to test with the DDP?
No, every Doberman is eligible to participate in the DDP research project. Rescued Dobermans, found Dobermans, and Dobermans without registration papers are welcome. Each dog will get their own full genetic report for their own records and to share with their veterinarian. And every tested dog will be tested to determine if it is 100% Doberman. If a dog turns out to have a little something other than Doberman in their genes, the report will not only explain what that is and how much of the dog is other than Doberman, but it will also include genetic disease test results for that other breed.
Dogs that are 100% Doberman will be used in the Doberman disease research portion of the Doberman Diversity Project, and dogs that are not 100% Doberman may still contribute to research efforts in canines generally. Every dog will get it's own full genetic report and support research.
Dogs that are 100% Doberman will be used in the Doberman disease research portion of the Doberman Diversity Project, and dogs that are not 100% Doberman may still contribute to research efforts in canines generally. Every dog will get it's own full genetic report and support research.
Is my donation to the DDP tax-deductible?
Not yet. But we're working on it.
How will I get my report? Is it paper? Online?
When you test with the Doberman Diversity Project, you'll create an online account with our testing partner Embark Veterinary, an official research partner of Cornell University. Once your DNA test kit is received and processed (6 to 8 weeks), you'll find a comprehensive online genetic report (and the free virtual breeding tool) online. It's easy to access on your laptop or any mobile device. We've even heard rumors of an app. Stay tuned!
what is a karyogram?
A karyogram is an easy-to-understand visual representation of your dog's genes. Your dog has 38 chromosomes (39 if you count the chromosome determining sex) and we take your dog's genetic results and "paint" each chromosome in a colorful way that let's you SEE where his genes are homozygous (the same) and heterozygous (different). Here's an example of what you'll see on your online genetic report (your colors will be different because your dog's genetics are different than this tested dog):
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Remember, blue is homozygous and yellow is heterozygous.
Check out this dog's colors on various chromosomes carrying mutations we test for: vWD1 = chrom 27 PDK4 = chrom 14 DM = chrom 31 MDR1 = chrom 14 GPT = chrom 13 |
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In the free virtual breeding tool, you'll see more karyograms -- this time, reflecting the COMBINATION of relatedness between the dog and the bitch that a breeder is thinking about breeding. Orange is where the two potential mates share ONE strand of DNA and red is where the potential mates share BOTH strands of DNA. White is where they share nothing in that location on the chromosome. So yes, you'll know a simple relatedness number between any two potential mates, but now you'll also be able to see where the potential mates share genetics in a simple to view karyogram.
can the free virtual breeding tool help breeders lower the coi of litters even if the parents are high COI?
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Absolutely! Because every dog's Genetic COI is calculated not from their pedigree or from calculated relatedness, but from their actual DNA, we can also calculate what the Genetic COI of a litter of puppies from any two potential mates will be.
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This image shows the results of a specific potential dog/mate at the BIG dot along the line. If this breeder were to breed this specific pair, the litter's Genetic COI would be 28%. Just to illustrate the bitch's Genetic COI was 49% and the dog's Genetic COI was 28%. Calculating a litter's Genetic COI is not a math problem -- it's a result of actually examining the genetics of each potential mate and computing the outcome. What are the other dots along that line? They are other potential mates. When you hover over the small dots, it shows the name of the potential mate so you can look that dog up to examine closely the genetic outcomes likely as a result if those dogs were bred, including not just genetic COI and rare genetics but also shared genetic mutations for Doberman disease. And for fun, color genetics too.
Does the ddp or embark have an app?
No. Neither Embark nor the Doberman Diversity Project have an app, but we are working hard to make sure that our websites are mobile friendly.
Ich bin Deutsche. Zu welcher Adresse muss ich meinen fertigen Testkit verschicken?
I live outside the usa? I swabbed my dog. what address do I mail my dna test kit to?
I live outside the usa? I swabbed my dog. what address do I mail my dna test kit to?
If you live outside of the USA, please mail your completed DNA kit to:
Embark Veterinary Inc.
186 Lincoln Street, 6th FL
Boston, MA, 02111
United States
Below is a link to a customs form that can be put on the outside of the package to help expedite it through customsbit.ly/embarkcustomsform
Note that Embark collect, packages and sends DNA samples to the laboratory for processing in bundles on Monday and Wednesday. Consider this when shipping your kit if you are in a hurry. For example, If your kit arrives late Wednesday or Thursday, it will set until Monday's afternoon bundling/shipping to the laboratory. Ensuring your kit is in Embark's hands early on Monday or Wednesday, will speed up the timeline by up to several days.
Embark Veterinary Inc.
186 Lincoln Street, 6th FL
Boston, MA, 02111
United States
Below is a link to a customs form that can be put on the outside of the package to help expedite it through customsbit.ly/embarkcustomsform
Note that Embark collect, packages and sends DNA samples to the laboratory for processing in bundles on Monday and Wednesday. Consider this when shipping your kit if you are in a hurry. For example, If your kit arrives late Wednesday or Thursday, it will set until Monday's afternoon bundling/shipping to the laboratory. Ensuring your kit is in Embark's hands early on Monday or Wednesday, will speed up the timeline by up to several days.
HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO GET MY RESULTS?
Because the DNA test used is advanced and contains multiple tests, processing time is six to eight weeks from the date your dog's DNA sample arrives at the laboratory for analysis. Note that Embark collect, packages and sends DNA samples to the laboratory for processing in bundles on Monday and Wednesday. Consider this when shipping your kit if you are in a hurry. For example, If your kit arrives late Wednesday or Thursday, it will set until Monday's afternoon bundling/shipping to the laboratory. Ensuring your kit is in Embark's hands early on Monday or Wednesday, will speed up the timeline by up to several days.
CAN I SUBMIT HAIR FOR DNA EVALUATION (INSTEAD OF THE SWAB THAT EMBARK USES)?
MAYBE. If the hair was clipped and there's no hair bulb, no. But, If you've got 50+ good quality pulled hairs (with the bulb intact), maybe. Note that with hair samples, results can't be guaranteed, and the fee for analysis will not be refunded. Also, results for hair sample analysis take considerably longer to process so the six to eight week standard time frame will be extended to several months.
In terms of preserving a dog's DNA, frozen semen is great, frozen tissue is great. The best way to keep gDNA is to get a dog's DNA extracted at a lab and then either have them store it or you can store it as instructed by the lab.
Contact us so we can talk.
In terms of preserving a dog's DNA, frozen semen is great, frozen tissue is great. The best way to keep gDNA is to get a dog's DNA extracted at a lab and then either have them store it or you can store it as instructed by the lab.
Contact us so we can talk.
CAN YOU TEST FROZEN SEMEN?
We hope to resume this service later this year (2020). Please check back for updates (you'll find them here). Alternatively you can also directly contact Embark Veterinary to discuss this. Email them at Breeders@EmbarkVet.com. If you test a dog that you later wish to enroll in the DDP, it's easy to do (and we thank you). Simply use this link:
https://www.dobermandiversityproject.org/enroll-your-dog.html
https://www.dobermandiversityproject.org/enroll-your-dog.html
VETERINARY VERIFICATION OF DOG IDENTITY
You've heard the stories. The test results are said to not be from that dog at all.
We require vets to verify microchips/tattoos for hip, elbow, heart and eye clearance. Why not DNA testing? How does one ensure that the DNA test results match the dog?
Introducing the new Embark's new Veterinary Verification of Permanent Identification Form.This form is to be used by a veterinarian collecting the saliva or blood sample and confirming the identity of the dog by a permanent identifier (microchip or tattoo), for an additional level of assurance that the sample was collected from the specified dog. This isn’t required to run an Embark test, but it’s an added feature based on feedback from customers who wanted this form of verification to share with other breeders, potential puppy buyers, or breed groups.
This form must be signed by a licensed veterinarian. Once complete, you will need to scan the form to a PDF file, or take a photograph, and upload it to the Documents section of the dog’s profile at EmbarkVet.com. Be sure to submit it with your Embark OFA submission sheet.
The Doberman Diversity Project hopes you will enjoy this new feature, and find it to be part of making an important contribution of taking Genetic Testing to the same level of accuracy and reliability as other Health Clearances! Please do not hesitate to reach out to Embark – they can be reached at breeders@embarkvet.com with any questions!
Embark Veterinary Verification of Permanent Identification Form
We require vets to verify microchips/tattoos for hip, elbow, heart and eye clearance. Why not DNA testing? How does one ensure that the DNA test results match the dog?
Introducing the new Embark's new Veterinary Verification of Permanent Identification Form.This form is to be used by a veterinarian collecting the saliva or blood sample and confirming the identity of the dog by a permanent identifier (microchip or tattoo), for an additional level of assurance that the sample was collected from the specified dog. This isn’t required to run an Embark test, but it’s an added feature based on feedback from customers who wanted this form of verification to share with other breeders, potential puppy buyers, or breed groups.
This form must be signed by a licensed veterinarian. Once complete, you will need to scan the form to a PDF file, or take a photograph, and upload it to the Documents section of the dog’s profile at EmbarkVet.com. Be sure to submit it with your Embark OFA submission sheet.
The Doberman Diversity Project hopes you will enjoy this new feature, and find it to be part of making an important contribution of taking Genetic Testing to the same level of accuracy and reliability as other Health Clearances! Please do not hesitate to reach out to Embark – they can be reached at breeders@embarkvet.com with any questions!
Embark Veterinary Verification of Permanent Identification Form